nonuniform plasma

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• Hasegawa-Mima equation — The Hasegawa Mima equation, named after Akira Hasegawa and Kunioki Mima, is an equation that describes a certain regime of plasma, where the time scales are very fast, and the distance scale in the direction of the magnetic field is long. In… …   Wikipedia

• Ponderomotive force — In physics, a ponderomotive force is a nonlinear force that a charged particle experiences in an inhomogeneous oscillating electromagnetic field. The ponderomotive force Fp is expressed by where e is the electrical charge of the particle, m is… …   Wikipedia

• Guiding center — Charged particle drifts in a homogeneous magnetic field. (A) No disturbing force (B) With an electric field, E (C) With an independent force, F (eg. gravity) (D) In an inhomogeneous magnetic field, grad H In many cases of practical interest, the… …   Wikipedia

• Coronal seismology — is a technique of studying the plasma of the Sun s corona with the use of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and oscillations. Magnetohydrodynamics studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids in this case the fluid is the coronal plasma.… …   Wikipedia

• Io (moon) — ] Unlike most satellites in the outer Solar System (which have a thick coating of ice), Io is primarily composed of silicate rock surrounding a molten iron or iron sulfide core. Most of Io s surface is characterized by extensive plains coated… …   Wikipedia

• cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… …   Universalium

• mass spectrometry — or mass spectroscopy Analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by sorting gaseous ions by mass using electric and magnetic fields. A mass spectrometer uses electrical means to detect the sorted ions, while a mass spectrograph …   Universalium

• Gurgen Askaryan — ( hy. Գուրգեն Ասկարյան , ru. Гурген Аскарьян or Гурген Аскарян ) (1928 1997) was a prominent Soviet physicist, famous for his discovery of the self focusing of light. Among his other achievements are the pioneering studies of light matter… …   Wikipedia

• radio-frequency heating — ▪ physics Introduction       process of heating (heat) materials through the application of radio waves of high frequency i.e., above 70,000 hertz (cycles per second). Two methods of radio frequency heating have been developed. One of these,… …   Universalium

• Convection — This figure shows a calculation for thermal convection in the Earth s mantle. Colors closer to red are hot areas and colors closer to blue are cold areas. A hot, less dense lower boundary layer sends plumes of hot material upwards, and likewise,… …   Wikipedia

• Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace       The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …   Universalium